Abraham Accords

The Abraham Accords are a series of bilateral agreements mediated by the United States that normalized relations between Israel and three Arab countries: Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on September 15, 2020 and Morocco on December 22, 2020. The Abraham Accords Declaration, signed by Bahraini, Emirati, Israeli, and US officials on September 15, 2020, “encourage[s] efforts to promote interfaith and intercultural dialogue to advance a culture of peace among the three Abrahamic religions and all humanity.” Although Sudan also signed a normalization agreement with Israel on a October 23, 2020 and the Abraham Accords Declaration on January 6, 2021, the Israeli-Sudanese process has stalled and negotiations toward normalization are still ongoing. 
 

The Abraham Accords have led to the appointment of Israeli ambassadors to Bahrain, Morocco, and the United Arab Emirates as well as to the appointment of Bahraini and Emirati ambassadors and a Moroccan Head of Liaison Office to Israel.  
 

Since the Accords, Israel has taken steps to develop cultural, economic, and security ties with Abraham Accord partners, including the March 2022 Negev Summit which brought together top diplomats from Israel, the US, Abraham Accords countries, and Egypt.

Following the Summit, the establishment of the Negev Forum was announced, dedicated to “building a new regional architecture based on progress, technology, religious tolerance, security and intelligence cooperation.” In addition, within the first two years of the Abraham Acords, over 1 million Israelis have visited the UAE, and hundreds of thousands have visited Morocco. 
 

The Accords have held throughout the post-October 7th regional turmoil, and there have been reports of additional countries seeking to normalize ties with Israel, including Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Syria, and others.